Important 'sight' words

Essential words 1

being and doing words

is was went had got

whereabouts words

to in on with up there

words for joining

and then but so

other useful words

the it of when

people words

you we he she

Essential words 2

people words

me my his him they

being and doing words

said were came have like go

whereabouts words

at out down back

useful words 1

that this all some for

useful words 2

not very big little

Essential words 3

people words

us our your their them

being and doing words

are will would could do be

more doing words

called going put saw made

whereabouts words

into off about over from

time (when) words

as after again now

Essential words 4

doing words

come took made found lived play want

question words

what when where why which who how

words for joining

if or once next

useful words

no yes other too away by

Other important words

being and doing words

been does done don't gave give goes make may must shall want

time words

afternoon awake before morning never soon today tomorrow yesterday

qualifiers

an any both every good many much old small these those

other useful words

around here just because myself only own please together under upon

Words by theme

fairy stories

castle dragon fairy forest prince princess magic spell wicked giant wishes witch

school

book classroom paper pen pencil read school teacher workbook write

family and friends

aunt baby boy brother child children father friend girl mother sister uncle

parties

balloons birthday cards crisps game presents cake sweets sandwich

outings

bus car coach minibus picnic play seat ticket train zoo

parts of the body

arms ears eyes face feet fingers foot hair hands head legs mouth nose toes

familiar places

bathroom bedroom garden home kitchen lounge shop supermarket town

pets

cat dog gerbil goldfish hamster horse kitten mouse pony puppy rabbit

Numbers, days, months, colours

numbers 1 to 10

one two three four five six seven eight nine ten

days of the week

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

months

January February March April May June July August September October November December

numbers 11 to 20

eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty

colour words

blue red yellow green black white purple brown

One letter for one sound

Short vowels

'a'

bag bad can cat had hat jam man ran

'e'

bed get hen leg net pen pet red set yes

'i'

pig bit hid him his lid lip big six win

'o'

box dog fox hot job lot not pop top

'u'

bus but cup cut fun mug mum sum sun

short vowels, plurals

beds cubs dots jugs legs nets pans pins rats

Final consonant blends

'-ll'

bell bill doll fell fill hill pill sell tell will

'-ss'

kiss fuss hiss boss less loss mess miss

'-ck'

duck back kick lock luck pack pick sack sick tick

'-ft'

left lift loft soft tuft

'-lk'

milk hulk bulk silk sulk

'-lt'

belt felt kilt melt pelt

'-mp'

bump camp damp imp jump lamp limp lump mumps pump

'-nd'

sand bend end hand land lend pond and send

'-ng'

king hang bang long lungs ring sing song wing

'-ing'

bending costing jumping resting singing sinking sulking

'-nk' as in bank

bank bunk honk pink sink sunk think wink

'-nt'

ant bent dent hunt pant sent tent went

'-sk'

desk dusk husk risk rusk tusk

'-st'

nest cost just list must best rest test west

Initial consonant blends

'bl-'

black blank blend blink blob block blot blunt

'cl-'

cliff clang click clamp cling clock clog club clump

'fl-'

flag flan flap flat fling flop fluff

'gl-'

glen glad glint gloss glum

'pl-'

plan planet plank plastic plum plump plus

'sl-'

slug slam slap slept sling slip slit slot slack

'br-'

brick bran brand brag brim bring brisk

'cr-'

crab crack cramp cress cricket crisp crop cross crust

'dr-'

dragon drag dress drift drill drink drip drop drum

'fr-'

frog frill frock fret from frost frond

'gr-'

grin grill grand grip grit grub gruff grunt

'pr-'

pram prank present press print prison prod prong prop

'tr-'

track traffic tramp trick trim trip trot truck trunk

'sc-'

scab scalp scan scoff scum

'sk-'

skull skill skim skin skip skid

'sm-'

smell smack smock smug smut

'sn-'

snack snag snap sniff snip snob snub snug

'sp-'

span spots spell spend spill spin spit

'st-'

stamp stand step stick stiff still sting stop stuck stunt

'sw-'

swing swank swell swift swig swill swim swam

'scr-'

scrap scrimp script scrub scruff scrum

'spl-'

splat splint split splendid

'spr-'

spring sprat sprig sprang sprint

'str-'

string strap strand strong struck

'qu-'

quilt quest quick quill quack quit quiz

'y' as a vowel

'-y' as in happy

family happy hobby funny lucky puppy very twenty

'-y' as in fly

fly cry dry by fry sky try

Letters combined for one sound

'ch', 'sh' and 'th'

'ch'

chips check chicken chimp chin chat much rich such

'sh'

ship cash crash fish shell brush shop wish

'th' as in tenth

tenth thank theft thick thin thing think thud thump

'th' as in them

that them then this with

'nch'

punch bunch finch hunch lunch munch pinch bench

'tch'

catch hutch kitchen match pitch scratch stretch switch witch

Vowels doubled: 'ee' and 'oo'

'ee' as in tree

tree see green meet sleep speed feet week feel

'oo' as in boot

boot cool food moon pool proof smooth soon spoon tooth

'oo' as in foot

foot cook book good hood hook look took wooden

Two different vowels

'ai' as in nail

nail afraid aim paid rain snail train wait

'au' as in haunt

haunt gaunt taut launch laundry taunt

'ea' as in beak

beak heat meal steam dream team seat

'ea' as in bread

bread breath dead deaf head health instead sweat wealth

'ie' as in shield

shield chief field grief brief shriek thief

'oa' as in coat

coat coach coal coast boat float goal loaf road soap

'oi' as in boil

boil coin joint moist oil point soil

'ou' as in cloud

cloud out about mouth around sound count ground

'ou' as in couple

couple country courage cousin nourish trouble young

Vowels with 'r'

'ar' as in garden

garden farm dark hard march market park spark star start

'er' as in fern

fern kerb herb perfect person stern term her

'ir' as in bird

bird girl first dirty shirt skirt third

'or' as in fork

fork for morning born short sort sport horse

'ur' as in church

church burst burn curl hurt turn Thursday fur

'air' as in chair

chair air fair fairy hair pair stairs unfair

'ear' as in ear

ear dear hear beard cousin year gear spear

'ear' as in earth

earth earn early heard learn pearl search learning

'ear' as in bear

bear pear swear tear wear

'eer' as in beer

beer cheer jeer peer steer

'oar' as in boar

boar hoard oar roar soar board

'our' as in flour

flour hour our scour sour

'our' as in four

four court fourteen pour your

'are' as in square

square care dare rare scare share spare beware

'ire' as in fire

fire bonfire admire fireman hire retire wire enquire

'ore' as in shore

shore more score before snore sore swore wore

Vowels with 'w'

'aw' as in paw

paw saw draw jaw law lawn yawn raw straw crawl

'ew' as in newt

newt few new dew stew

'ew' as in screw

screw grew flew drew threw blew chew

'ow' as in cow

cow clown crowd growl now how down vow brown

'ow' as in window

window grow show slow throw flow yellow

Vowels with 'y'

'ay'

spray crayon day play say away stay tray way

'oy'

boy annoy convoy employ enjoy loyal royal destroy toy

Vowels with 'gh'

'igh'

night high right sigh thigh tight

'eigh'

sleigh eighty neigh eight weigh weight

'aught'

daughter caught fraught naughty taught

'wh', 'ph', 'thr', and 'shr'

'wh'

wheat whack wheel whip whirl whiskers whisper

'wh', question words etc.

where whether which why when what

'ph'

alphabet dolphin elephant graph nephew orphan phantom photo

'thr'

thrush throb throng thrill

'shr'

shrimp shrill shred shrink shrub shrug

One letter alters another

'e' alters vowels (split digraphs)

'a-e' as in cake

cake came game late made same safe take

'e-e' as in swede

swede theme these complete delete

'i-e' as in five

five ride side time like slide bike white line quite

'o-e' as in note

note home hope hole rose stone those woke pole

'u-e' as in cube

cube compute fuse tube tune use

'u-e' as in flute

flute crude brute June plume rude rule

'e' as in hoe, blue

blue clue die glue hoe pie tie toe true

'e' alters 'c' and 'g'

'ce'

mice cell dance force audience race service space surface twice

'cei'

ceiling conceited deceit deceive perceive receive received

'ge'

cage angel garage general hinge huge orange stage strange

'dge'

badger badge bridge edge fidget fudge hedgehog judge midget sledge

'i' alters 'c' and 'g'

'ci'

circus cigarette cinder cinema acid citrus city civilian civil

'gi'

giant gin ginger magic origin original rigid

'y' alters 'c' and 'g'

'cy'

emergency fancy juicy mercy spicy fleecy

'gy'

gym energy stingy strategy

Final 'll', 'ld', 'nd' alter vowels

'a' as in ball

ball all call fall hall small snowball stall tall wall

'-ild' as in child

child mild wild

'-ind' as in blind

blind find grind kind mind rind

'o' as in gold

gold cold fold bold hold old sold told

'w', 'qu' alter 'a', 'ar' and 'or'

'wa' as in swan

swan swamp swallow wad wander want was wash watch

'war' as in warm

warm warmth warden warn warning warp wart

'wor' as in worm

worm word work world fireworks worse worship worth

'qua' as in quarrel

quarrel quantity quality squander squash squat

Words with silent letters

Silent vowels

silent final 'e'

cheese because give have horse house love pause please purse

silent 'u'

guard build disguise guarantee biscuit guess guide guilty guitar guest

'gue'

catalogue intrigue league plague rogue tongue vague

Silent consonants

'kn'

knife kneel knew knee knight knit knob knock knot

'wr'

wreck wrap wren wrench wring wrist write wrong

'mb'

comb climb crumb lamb limb numb thumb tomb

'gn'

gnome gnarled gnash gnat design reign sign

silent 'l'

yolk could half palm should stalk talk walk would chalk calf

silent 't'

whistle listen listening rustle thistle glisten wrestle castle

silent 'c'

scene scent science scientist scissors muscle

silent 'h'

hour heir honest honour

'rh'

rhea rhombus rhyme rhythm rhino rhubarb rhetorical

Prefixes, suffixes, roots

Living word-formation

compound words

birthday dustbin handbag lipstick milkman notebook sunset windmill

add 'anti-' to make a new word

anti-rust anti-work anti-noise anti-wrinkle

add 'ex-' to make a new word

ex-boyfriend ex-convict ex-serviceman ex-king ex-parrot ex-egg

add 'pre-' to make a new word

pre-punched pre-Roman pre-book

add 'pro-' to make a new word

pro-British pro-hunting pro-fitness pro-cycling

'-like' similar to

jewel-like pastry-like flower-like frog-like

'-wise' concerning

food-wise money-wise transport-wise fun-wise

Prefixes (OE) on real words

'a-'

asleep alike along around aside aloud awake across

'al-'

also always although already almost

'be-'

because before behind below beneath beside between beyond

'for-'

forget forsake forgive forbidden

'fore-'

forecast forefinger foreground forehead foreman foresee forewarn forecourt

'forth-'

forthcoming forthright forthwith

'un-' as undoing actions

unload unearth uncover undo untwist unwrap

'un-' as an opposite

uncertain unfair unfriendly unknown untidy untrue unwell unsafe uncertain unfair unfriendly unknown untidy untrue unwell unsafe

'with-'

withdraw withhold withstand

Prefixes (Latin) on real words

'de-' undo

defrost decode decamp deforested dethrone

'dis-' as negative

disconnect disappear disease dislike disagree distrust disorder

'en-' do, perform

enable encircle enlarge enforce enrich engulf encourage enquire

'im-' as negative

impossible impatient immortal immature imperfect impolite

'in-' as negative

incredible inactive indignity inhuman insincere invalid

'mis-' do wrongly

mishap mislead misprint misspell mistimed mistreat misunderstood misuse

'pre-' before

prehistoric preschool prepacked precooked prefix

're-' do again

renew replace review rehouse replay

Other common prefixes

'ab-' away from

absent abominable abrupt abound absorbent absurd abstain

'ad-' towards

admire admission address adjacent adore adventure advice advise

'com-' together

compare composed comfort company complete command comment

'con-' together

concert concern condemn confront connect conquer contain continue

'de-' down, from, away

detergent deflate destroy describe defer descend defence

'de-' as very

deserve deliver demand devastate

'dis-'

disposable disappointed discovery disgusting dismay

'ex-' out of

exit excluding excursion excavate except export extract

'im-' as into

immerse improve imbibe implode imply immigrant import

'im-' without

immediate immense immune immaculate imbalance impede

'in-' as negative

innocent individual inevitable infant injury

'in-' as into

inhabited include infect inflate inspire instruct intend infer

'per-' through

perforation perfume permit permanent perspire persuade performance persuasion

'pre-' before

predict prefer preserve preside presume pretend prevent

'pro-' before

process progress promise protect protest propose proceed prospect

're-' again

referee record relief remove request rearrange rehearse recollect

'sub-' under

submarine subject subdue submerged subside subtract suburbs

Further prefixes (Latin)

'anti-' against

antiseptic anticlimax antidote antifreeze anticlockwise

'bene-' good

benefit benefactor benevolent

'co-' together

coerce coexist cooperate

'co[ll]-' together

collaborate collate colleague collect colloquial

'contra-' against

contradict contraflow contravene

'co[rr]-' together

correct correspond corrode corroborate corrugated corrupt

'extra-' beyond

extraordinary extrasensory extraterrestrial extravagant

'i[ll]-' not

illegal illegible illicit illogical

'i[rr]-' not

irrational irregular irrelevant irreplaceable irresistible irresponsible irreversible

'inter-' between

interchange interfere intermediate international interrogate interrupt interval

'intra-', 'intro-' within

intravenous introduce introspection

'mal[e]-' bad

malevolent malnutrition malfunction maltreat

'mani-, manu-'

manicure manipulate manufacture manuscript

'non-' not

nonconformist nondescript nonentity nonplussed

'ob-' against, towards

obvious object obliged obliterate observe obsolete obstacle obstruct

'post-' after

post-date postgraduate postpone postscript

'super-' over

supervisor superimposed superlative supernatural supersede supersonic superstitious superfluous

'sus-' under

suspense suspicious suspect sustain

'trans-' across

transfer transatlantic transform translate transmit transparent transport

'ultra-' beyond

ultramarine ultrasonic ultraviolet

'ambi-' both, around

ambidextrous ambient ambiguous ambition ambivalent

Further prefixes (Greek)

'a-' not

amoral apolitical asymmetrical apathy atom

'amphi-' both

amphitheatre amphibious amphibian

'ana-' up,back

anachronism anagram analysis anatomy

'arch-' chief

archangel archbishop architect

'auto-' self

autograph automatic automobile autopilot

'epi-' on, over

epidemic epilogue episode epitaph

'hypo-' under, defective

hypochondriac hypocritical hypodermic hypothesis

'mega-' big

megaphone megabyte megastar megawatt

'meta-' after, changed

metabolism metamorphosis metaphor

'micro-' little

microphone microscope microwave

'para-' beside

parallel parable parabola paradox paramedic paranormal paragraph parasite

'sym-', 'syn-'

symmetry symphony sympathy symptom syndicate syndrome synonym synopsis

'tele-' far

television telegram telepathy telephone telescope

Common suffixes (OE)

'-en' gold > golden

golden earthen wooden silken woollen

'-ern' east > eastern

eastern northern southern western

'-ful' faith > faithful (adjectives)

faithful colourful careful harmful useful powerful truthful peaceful

'-ful' beauty > beautiful

beautiful merciful fanciful

'-fully' graceful > gracefully

gracefully cheerfully faithfully hopefully painfully truthfully carefully

'-ly' happy > happily

happily bodily busily angrily easily hungrily noisily

'-ish' fool > foolish

foolish darkish fiendish babyish greenish outlandish smallish

'-less' care > careless

careless airless breathless aimless countless effortless pointless

'-like' war > warlike

warlike childlike ghostlike lifelike sportsmanlike businesslike

'-ly' bad > badly

badly quietly quickly silently suddenly slowly wrongly

'-ly' queen > queenly

queenly cowardly friendly motherly beastly

'-most' inner > innermost

innermost topmost foremost

'-some' awe > awesome

awesome fearsome irksome quarrelsome tiresome troublesome

'-ward' down > downward

downward forward upward backward homeward

'-wise' like > likewise

clockwise likewise streetwise

'-y' greed > greedy

dirty greedy messy rubbery sulky weighty

'-y' shade > shady

shady noisy greasy hasty easy shiny slimy tasty

'-y' fog > foggy

foggy funny muddy witty tinny baggy spotty starry

Common suffixes (OE, Fr)

'-craft' needle > needlecraft

needlecraft handicraft witchcraft

'-dom' star > stardom

stardom freedom kingdom officialdom boredom wisdom

'-en' light > lighten

lighten harden strengthen weaken sweeten tighten

'-ette' diminutive

courgette cassette cigarette maisonette marionette serviette

'-ful' spoon > spoonful (nouns)

spoonful armful bucketful cupful mouthful

'-hood' adult > adulthood

adulthood childhood falsehood neighbourhood

'-let' diminutive

droplet booklet leaflet piglet ringlet starlet

'-ling' diminutive

gosling nestling seedling underling yearling

'-ness' sad > sadness

sadness fitness goodness kindness sickness carelessness eagerness darkness

'-ship' friend > friendship

friendship companionship citizenship hardship relationship

'-th' long > length etc.

length health ninth wealth width strength

'-ness' busy > business

business happiness bossiness juiciness readiness

Common suffixes (Latin)

'-able' reason > reasonable

reasonable breakable drinkable enjoyable bookable acceptable

'-ance' appear > appearance

appearance performance attendance clearance disturbance allowance

'-ant'

ignorant important hesitant significant triumphant

'-ence'

sequence evidence reference silence presence consequence difference

'-ent'

excellent independent different urgent absorbent persistent

'-ible'

incredible responsible sensible accessible collapsible digestible reversible visible

'-ious'

furious anxious obvious previous serious various

'-ive'

attractive active defective defensive effective expensive impressive

'-ment' measure > measurement

measurement advertisement movement payment treatment development engagement

'-ous' danger > dangerous

dangerous bulbous poisonous murderous thunderous

'-sion'

confusion fusion precision profusion revision tension

'-sion' explode > explosion

explosion decision conclusion invasion persuasion division

'-ssion'

mission compression confession discussion expression impression possession

'-tion' collect > collection

collection connection election invention suggestion exhibition

'-tion' illustrate > illustration

illustration completion demonstration relation relegation promotion pollution evaluation

'-tion' solve > solution

solution resolution revolution evolution

'-ure'

sculpture departure failure moisture pressure adventure culture

People/place suffixes

'-ant'

assistant immigrant servant informant attendant descendant inhabitant

'-ar'

beggar burglar liar scholar vicar

'-ary'

secretary missionary dignitary adversary

'-ee'

referee absentee employee payee refugee trainee

'-eer'

mountaineer engineer auctioneer pioneer volunteer

'-ent'

president agent correspondent resident student

'-er'

cleaner builder farmer painter speaker teacher worker

'-ess'

actress empress mistress princess tigress waitress stewardess

'-cian'

beautician electrician magician musician optician politician

'-ist'

chemist balloonist biologist pianist florist guitarist journalist cyclist

'-or'

actor editor narrator sailor sculptor visitor director

'-ster'

youngster fraudster pollster trickster speedster songster

'-ary' places

library apiary aviary dispensary granary

'-ery' places

bakery surgery monastery cemetery brewery colliery

'-ry' places

dairy quarry foundry country

'-ory' places

factory laboratory lavatory observatory territory dormitory

Further suffixes (Latin)

'-cy'

accuracy diplomacy delicacy conspiracy piracy bankruptcy fallacy

'-age' cover > coverage

postage coverage leakage passage blockage wastage

'-ancy'

infancy buoyancy pregnancy truancy discrepancy redundancy vacancy

'-ary'

dictionary library necessary ordinary temporary voluntary imaginary secondary

'-ate' verb

operate dedicate donate motivate activate punctuate vaccinate

'-ate' adjective

obstinate accurate affectionate literate numerate immaculate passionate

'-ice'

avarice prejudice cowardice justice malice

'-ience'

audience conscience convenience obedience patience

'-iety'

variety notoriety piety society anxiety

'-ity'

morality neutrality possibility probability reality

'-mony'

ceremony acrimony matrimony testimony

'-sion' convert > conversion

conversion diversion inversion subversion

'-ssion' procede > procession

procession accession concession recession

'-tude'

latitude attitude gratitude altitude multitude solitude fortitude longitude

'-ule' diminutive

globule capsule granule minuscule module molecule

'-ure' create > creature

creature enclosure pleasure

Further suffixes (L, Gr)

'-al'

equal annual central animal final hospital local natural personal several

'-ar'

lunar regular circular linear

'-ial'

aerial industrial material memorial radial terrestrial

'-ic'

artistic alcoholic athletic demonic historic magnetic metallic

'-id'

arid fluid frigid humid tepid vivid

'-ient'

ingredient obedient convenient gradient nutrient

'-ify'

fortify mortify beautify classify glorify magnify modify

'-ile'

agile juvenile mobile fragile fertile futile hostile

'-ine'

feline crystalline divine elephantine canine saline alpine

'-ior'

inferior superior interior exterior junior senior prior ulterior

'-is'

oasis basis bronchitis diagnosis emphasis analysis paralysis synthesis

'-asm', '-ism'

mechanism journalism enthusiasm sarcasm criticism atheism

'-ose'

grandiose comatose morose

'-scent'

adolescent convalescent effervescent fluorescent incandescent reminiscent

'-ology' study

apology mythology technology theology

Suffixes for tenses

'-ed' sounding as /ed/

mended delighted crowded painted shouted wounded waited greeted

'-ed' sounding as /d/

poured sailed rained showed growled teamed

'-ed' sounding as /t/

crashed asked dressed jumped puffed reached

'-ed' amuse > amused

amused dared dated droned hoped moved

'-ed' cry > cried

cried dried fried hurried married worried buried

'-ed' video > videoed

videoed echoed radioed vetoed

'-s' cry > cries

cries carries dries hurries worries

'-ing' carry > carrying

carrying dreaming going standing waiting

'-ing' carpet > carpeting

carpeting happening limiting targeting visiting

'-ing' dig > digging

digging getting hopping rubbing swimming

'-ing' grin > grinning

grinning referring travelling dialling stirring winning planning beginning

'-ing' write > writing

writing coming hoping caring moving

'-ing' with eye, -ie, -o, -oe

lying hoeing eyeing shoeing tying vetoing echoing radioing

'-ed' grab > grabbed

grabbed hopped knitted slammed sunned nodded

Suffixes for plurals

dot > dots

dots spots hills frills apples

baby > babies

babies cities daisies families pennies ponies puppies stories

monkey > monkeys

monkeys guys keys boys toys trays ways

half > halves

halves knives loaves shelves thieves wives wolves

roof > roofs

roofs chiefs chefs beliefs cliffs

kiss > kisses

kisses brushes coaches boxes matches

hero > heroes

heroes dominoes echoes cargoes potatoes tomatoes volcanoes

kilo > kilos

kilos photos pianos radios solos videos

irregular plurals

children women feet geese teeth lice mice men sheep salmon

High > higher > highest

high > higher

higher deeper longer older smaller taller younger

high > highest

highest oldest deepest fastest tallest longest smallest youngest

hot > hotter > hottest

hotter hottest redder reddest bigger biggest

large > larger > largest

larger largest whiter whitest simpler simplest fiercer fiercest later latest

happy > happier > happiest

happier happiest funnier funniest easier easiest healthier healthiest

Prefixes of quantity

'mono-' one

monocycle monocle monogamy monopoly

'uni-' one

unicorn uniform unique unit

'prim-' first

primate primary prime primitive

'bi-', 'bin-' twice

binoculars binary bicycle biscuit

'du-' two

duet duel duo duplicate

'tri-' three

tricycle triple trio tripod

'quad-' four

quadrilateral quadrant quadruplet

'cent-' hundred

centurion centipede century

'kilo-' thousand

kilometre kilowatt kilohertz

'mill-' thousand

millennium millimetre millilitre millisecond

'pan-, panto-' all

pantomime panorama panning panacea

'omni-' all

omnivorous omnipotent omniscient

'poly-' many

polygon polytechnic polythene

'multi-' many

multiplication multitude multimedia multipurpose

'semi-' half

semicolon semicircle semiconductor

Roots (Latin)

'-ann-' year

anniversary annual annuity biennial perennial

'-aqua-' water

aquarium aquamarine aqueduct subaqua aqualung

'-cav-' hollow

excavate cave cavity concave

'-duc-' lead

aqueduct conductor duke introduce product deduct ductile education

'-fort-' strong

comfort effort force fortify fortress reinforce

'-miss-' send

missile omission permission transmission commission missionary admission

'-mort-' death

murderous mortgage mortal mortify immortal

'-pend-' hang

pendant appendix depend independent pending suspense pendulum

'-port-' carry

portable import report support export transport

'-scrib-' write

scribe inscribe scribble description postscript script nondescript

'-terr-' the earth

subterranean inter extraterrestrial terrace terrain terrier

'-vis-' see

invisible advice provide revision television videos survey envy

Roots (Greek)

'aero-' air

aeroplane aerobatics aerobics aerodrome aerodynamic

'-ast-' star

asteroid astronomy asterisk disaster astronaut

'-bio-' life

amphibious biography biology antibiotic biosphere

'-chron-' time

anachronism chronic chronicle synchronous chronology

'-gram-' letter

hologram diagram grammar programme anagram

'-graph-' writing

autograph paragraph photograph graphite geography graph

'hydro-' water

hydrofoil hydrogen dehydrated hydraulic hydrotherapy

'-logo-' word

dialogue prologue biology illogical technology

'-phil-' love

philatelist philanthropist philosopher anglophile

'-phon-' sound

microphone telephone symphony cacophony phonetics

'-photo-' light

photocopier photograph photogenic photon photosynthesis telephoto

'-poli-' city

politician politics cosmopolitan metropolis

'-scope' view

microscope periscope telescope scope stethoscope

'-techne-' art or skill

technician technology technophobia technical polytechnic pyrotechnics technique

'-theo-' a god

theology atheist enthusiasm

'-zoo-' animal

zoo zoology zodiac protozoan

Further explorations

Syllables and spelling

compound words

birthday dustbin handbag lipstick milkman notebook sunset windmill

split like kit-ten

kitten hidden cotton lesson paddock puffin rabbit sudden

split like bas-ket

basket napkin plastic pumpkin zebra panda picnic trumpet

split like lem-on

lemon finish habit body metal robin shadow visit

split like la-bel

label hotel minus moment pilot pupil secret silent stupid

split like du-et

duet diet lion poem triumph

More vowel sounds

'a' as in bath

bath ask after class fast father glass last plant

'ei' as in eight

eight freight neigh neighbour reindeer sleigh vein weight

'ei' as in ceiling

ceiling conceited deceit deceive perceive receive

'o' as in dove

dove come brother front glove money mother other some done

'oor' as in door

door floor moor poor

sounds of 'ough'

rough enough cough thought thorough through tough bough dough

'u' as in bull

bull bush full pull push put

'y' as in python

python nylon cycle rhyme style reply

'y' as in crystal

crystal gym mysterious pyramid rhythm sympathy syrup

'a' as in acorn

acorn angel paper able

'e' as in demon

demon lenient secret she recent decent

'i' as in minus

minus idle sidle triangle climb

'o' as in over

over only holy open

'u' as in uniform

uniform unicorn unit truth tunic puny

More consonant sounds

'ch' sounds as /k/

anchor ache chemist Christmas echo scheme school stomach

'ch' sounds as /sh/

chalet charade chassis chef chiffon machine parachute sachet

'ci' sounds as /sh/

artificial conscience conscious crucial efficient official precious social special sufficient

other /sh/ sounds

ocean initial mission national action pension ration sugar sure

'gh' sounds as /f/

cough enough rough tough trough laugh

Patterns in word endings

'-ar' as in cellar

cellar collar mortar sugar vinegar

'-el' as in angel

angel kennel label level model parcel quarrel travel

'-ery' as in jewellery

jewellery machinery stationery confectionery embroidery finery lottery

'-ey' as in donkey

donkey chimney honey journey money monkey turkey valley

'-il' as in daffodil

daffodil council civil fossil lentil pencil stencil utensil

'-le' as in cradle

cradle cable ladle maple noble sidle table

'-le' as in ankle

ankle bundle candle handle grumble nimble simple single

'-le' as in apple

apple battle bottle bubble cuddle dribble gobble middle

Words ending in vowels

'-a'

banana camera cinema cocoa saga umbrella vanilla zebra

'-i'

fungi alibi graffiti hi-fi macaroni safari spaghetti taxi

'-o'

photo echo hero cargo potato tomato volcano zero

'-u'

caribou emu flu gnu impromptu menu tutu

'-ea'

rhea idea nausea panacea area

'-ee'

chimpanzee coffee committee degree guarantee jubilee pedigree toffee

'-oo'

bamboo cuckoo hullabaloo igloo shampoo tattoo

Homophones

phoneme /r/ (rat)

write right wring ring wrap rap

long phoneme /ay/ (day)

great grate rain reign rein wait weight weigh way

long phoneme /air/ (hair)

bear bare pair pear their there stair stare

long phoneme /ee/ (see)

flea flee meat meet read reed peace piece

long phoneme /oh/ (no)

sew so lone loan road rowed

spellings of /ohl/ (bowl)

hole whole soul sole hold holed bold bowled

long phoneme /or/ (north)

board bored for four saw sore

phoneme /n/ (net)

knot not knew new know no knight night

other homophones

deer dear allowed aloud lessen lesson weather whether

phoneme /s/ (sit)

cereal serial licence license practice practise

other consonant phonemes

hole whole write right one won know no knew new where wear

3-way homophones

two too to their there they're

Interesting derivations

from people's names

cardigans sandwiches wellingtons diesel

from mythical characters

atlas cereal hygiene martial music panic titanic volcano

from places

canter academy currant denim indigo swede tangerine port

from acronyms

scuba nylon quango quasar radar laser sonar yuppie

words with unusual histories

confetti diary salary tawdry tennis omnibus

shortened words

taxicab navvy fridge telly exam zoo

Words from other tongues

words from North America

skunk moccasin moose totem tomahawk

words from Arabic

mattress alcohol hazard sofa

words from Dutch

buoy skipper snoop yacht easel brandy

words from French

meringue mayonnaise bouquet souvenir duvet queue

words from Gaelic

slogan whisky whiskey clan bard

words from German

poodle delicatessen dachshund waltz nickel

words from Hindi

cot shampoo bungalow chutney

words from Italian

piano motto pizza replica serenade spaghetti studio umbrella

words from Japanese

karate tycoon futon karaoke

words from Persian (Farsi)

bazaar caravan shawl taffeta

words from Spanish

alligator canyon mosquito plaza ranch stampede lasso

words from Turkish

coffee kiosk tulip turban

Words often misspelled

business words 1

correspondence address business accommodation faithfully necessary sincerely committee

business words 2

clerk certainly approval communication delivery height immediately liaise weight

business words 3

authority efficiency limited marketing mortgage procedure profited purchase recommendation suggestion

are letters doubled? 1

occurred occurrence omission omitted reference referred

are letters doubled? 2

prefer preference preferred transfer transferable transferred

awkward words 1

journey leisure medicine people quarter vehicle water woman women yacht

awkward words 2

beautiful separate desperate embarrassed especially exaggerate interesting lovely opposite suppose

confusing homophones 1

check cheque canvas canvass currant current

confusing homophones 2

stationery stationary licence license principal principle practice practise formerly formally

words often confused 1

accept except advice advise loose lose quiet quite wander wonder were where

words often confused 2

human humane decease disease emigrant immigrant affect effect eligible illegible eminent imminent

Curriculum subject lists

English

textual sources 1

novel biography drama fiction literature autobiography poem poetry genre

textual sources 2

horror comedy farce ballad legend mystery myth satire sci-fi sonnet thriller tragedy romance

textual sources 3

advertisement account article brochure bulletin essay magazine newspaper pamphlet report leaflet

text analysis 1

character context criticism depth description favourite paraphrase portrayal quotation setting style theme vocabulary

text analysis 2

chapter clause conclusion dialogue episode extract introduction layout narrative paragraph phrase scene sentence title subtitle

text analysis 3

argument bias communicate draft editing idea irrelevant objective opinion persuasive relevant subjective summary

skills of writing

allegory alliteration ambiguity assonance imagery irony metaphor motif onomatopoeia personification rhyme rhythm simile suspense hyperbole

non-print media

cassette cinema commentary film headline lighting listen radio screen theatre video view visual watch

finding your way

alphabetical bibliography caption catalogue contents dictionary encyclopedia illustration index library reference research thesaurus glossary

people in the media

actor advertiser author cameraman correspondent director editor journalist narrator playwright poet presenter producer reporter scriptwriter

parts of speech

adjective adverb conjunction definite demonstrative indefinite noun participle preposition pronoun verb

punctuation

apostrophe asterisk brackets capital colon comma hyphen margin punctuation

words about language

accent consonant dialect grammar language prefix suffix tense vowel word jargon

Mathematics

numbers 1 to 10

one two three four five six seven eight nine ten

numbers 10 to 100 (+ 1000)

eighty fifty forty hundred ninety seventy sixty ten thirty twenty thousand

numbers 1st to 10th

eighth fifth first fourth ninth second seventh sixth tenth third

numbers 10th to 100th

eightieth fiftieth fortieth hundredth ninetieth seventieth sixtieth tenth thirtieth twentieth

arithmetic terms 1

equal addition multiplication division fraction remainder factor multiple increase decrease coefficient consecutive indices total difference

arithmetic terms 2

negative positive decimal zero mathematics computation approximate numerator denominator recurring integer

arithmetic terms 3

minus factor multiple quotient ratio notation inverse index

algebra terms

brackets variable simplify ratio equation formula proportional substitution polynomial formulae quadratic reduce simultaneous substitute function

handling data 1

percentage average diagram chart graph frequency pictogram median survey tally maximum minimum intercept gradient linear quadratic

handling data 2

deviation sampling randomness frequency questionnaire cumulative interquartile correlation inference discrete probability diagrammatic statistics median

geometric terms 1

angle area centre circle diameter height length straight width bisector transversal

geometric terms 2

circumference rotation transformation diagonal elevation cyclic tessellation horizontal vertical curved reflection

shapes 1

quadrilateral pentagon hexagon heptagon octagon nonagon decagon rhombus rectangle tetrahedron triangle circle cuboid

shapes 2

parallel cylinder prism pyramid symmetry breadth diagonal height horizontal straight vertical volume

angles

reflex obtuse acute supplementary complementary exterior interior adjacent alternate

properties of circles

radius diameter perimeter chord segment semicircle sphere tangent ellipse sector circumference

triangles

equilateral scalene isosceles congruent similar triangular hypotenuse

Science

experimental procedures 1

analyse observe comparison measure investigate evidence conclusion evaluation variables

experimental procedures 2

evaporate dissolve distil condensation dilute filter distillation filtration

experimental equipment

apparatus laboratory thermometer beaker Bunsen titration pipette burette conical photometer equipment gauge funnel balance Liebig

materials - classification

crystalline compound aerosol aqueous amorphous mixture alloy polymer monomer reactant metal vitreous

materials - properties

semiconductor insulator ionic covalent semipermeable soluble density alkaline acid magnetic reactive inert volatile

materials - particles

molecule element proton neutron isotope ion electron orbital valency radical nucleus

physical change

distil filter condensation concentrate liquefy solidify dissolve evaporate crystallisation diffusion precipitation volatile

chemical change

combustion neutralisation oxidation reduction reaction equation explosion effervescence corrosion catalysis activation electrolysis cathode anode hydrophilic hydrophobic

forces and motion

barometric acceleration compression deceleration pressure gravity friction weight temperature

energy

energy momentum kinetic potential renewable conservation conduction dissipation convection radiation absorption

waves

prism transverse velocity reflection refraction amplitude diffraction radiation longitudinal frequency microwave ultraviolet transparent decibel trough

electricity/magnetism

transformer polarity induction electromagnetic electrostatic dynamo particle static attraction repulsion rectifier ammeter voltmeter

electrical circuits

resistor integrated voltage resistance insulation filament transistor capacitor ampere ohm diode impedance capacitance

life - cells

gene hybrid inheritance organelle nucleus membrane cytoplasm chromosome meiosis mitosis gamete ciliated evolution fertilisation conception reproduction

life - plants 1

germination moisture chlorophyll pollination humus transpiration photosynthesis diffusion osmosis

life - plants 2

stamen chloroplast stigma capsule rhizome monocotyledon dicotyledon anther style ovary ovule pollen

life - animals

respiration circulation herbivore carnivore omnivore reptile mammal amphibian nocturnal migratory habitat parasite producer consumer vertebrate wait

life - health

bacteria virus organism infection toxin immune inflammation deficiency fever syndrome immunisation

History

politics and government 1

monarchy fascism republic totalitarian democracy nationalism dictatorship communism restoration empire

politics and government 2

heir political propaganda revolution referendum suffrage treason abdicate Suffragette Luddite

social 1

marriage feudal census reform inequality abolition workhouse civil disease plague

social 2

serf settlement immigrant emigrant slavery nobility clergy pauper society peasant

economic

factory industrial agricultural nationalisation privatisation Depression poverty exploitation quota duty subsidy commerce piracy laissez-faire engineering

religious

monastery belief religion symbol worship Dissolution Catholic Reformation Protestant nonconformist pilgrimage superstition persecution

diplomacy

treaty ambassador independence empire colony unification rebellion exploration negotiation commonwealth relations

government

colony colonisation dynasty constitutional government imperialism imperial independence parliament politics political reign republic

warfare

battle armies conquest invasion victory strategy retreat armour armistice holocaust conscription recruitment mercenary soldier

general terms

museum evidence chronology century eyewitness archive prehistoric medieval neolithic archaeology

Geography

physical features

continent valley island ocean estuary mountain gorge tributary delta glacier watershed confluence source

industry

manufacturing location leisure business location industry employment primary secondary tertiary accessibility

geological terms

earthquake fossil sedimentary igneous metamorphic lava limestone granite tectonic magma volcano epicentre Richter

ecological terms

pollution environment greenhouse deforestation renewable conservation sustainable desertification stewardship overfishing famine global

climate

temperature climate monsoon equatorial atmosphere humidity thermometer precipitation

weather

precipitation rainfall sunshine flood isobar meteorology anticyclone depression pressure gradient forecast drought gauge barometer

ecosystems

savannah tundra steppe prairie deciduous coniferous fauna flora desert habitat biomass ecosystem

population

country colony urban suburban rural distribution residential amenities population demography urbanisation conurbation

some european lands

Belgium Denmark France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Netherlands Portugal Spain Finland Sweden Luxembourg

farming

agriculture irrigation arable livestock rotation pastoral cereal diversification

natural hazards

avalanche tsunami cyclone heatwave typhoon tornado hurricane blizzard earthquake flood volcano

maps

latitude longitude contour meridians parallels reference equator

processes

eruption transport deposition erosion weathering

Design and Technology

designing

projection criteria specification elevation dimension layout graphic perspective estimate isometric design research

tools and equipment

adhesive chisel hacksaw screw bradawl pliers machine scissors hammer

materials and components

manufacture flexible rigid thermoset textile durability tolerance tensile suitability component thermoplastic strength quality

processes and techniques

moulding assemble modify compression attach separate

systems and control

mechanical pneumatic feedback sensor electrical electronic device circuit switch

structures

bridge suspension maintenance unstable buckle cantilever structure efficiency reliability reinforce tension

general terms

design materials structure technology construction measure analysis evaluation

food hygiene 1

bacteria hygiene listeria salmonella poisoning degrees centigrade conditions intestines spread sneeze uncovered

food hygiene 2

refrigerator temperatures bleaching disinfectant boiling freezer gloves touching detergent

food preparation

stirring whisking mixing chopping grating rubbing folding dicing slicing peeling defrosting

kitchen equipment

utensils opener grater whisk potato-peeler knife rolling-pin scissors mixer scales measuring sieve chopping-board

textile fibres 1

cotton wool silk flax hemp jute sisal hide leather natural fibre yarn

textile fibres 2

mohair polyester nylon viscose acrylic tweed worsted corduroy towelling cashmere man-made synthetic

textile properties

absorbent stretchy waterproof shrink hard-wearing lightweight crease-resistant fleecy texture delicate comfortable

textile processors

spinning dyeing printing weaving knitting felting bonding tufting silk-screen batik tie-dyeing roller

sewing

thread shuttle stitching overlock tapestry embroidery crochet bobbin

talk about clothing

footwear fashion accessories duvet uniform trend colour

fabric care

washing drying ironing dry-cleaning instructions

shopping

customer franchise aftercare multiple mail-order return

cooking

boiling grilling baking simmering frying reheating timing

nutrition

diet carbohydrate protein unsaturated cholesterol balanced vitamins minerals digestion fibre vegetarian vegan

ICT

handling information 1

database delete information insert loading processing software access spreadsheet quantitative qualitative analysis data

handling information 2

clicking numeric function icon image record cell column scale field file

control and modelling

robot simulation feedback sensor variable interface procedure measurement logging

equipment

computer hardware keyboard monitor microprocessor memory silicon binary barcode pixel laser plotter scanner kilobyte megabyte

communication

fax communication satellite phone channel modem network digital teleworking internet import

using a computer

desktop back-up font replace paste menu cursor template virus search word-processor

Art

styles

medieval Renaissance Baroque Impressionism Expressionism contemporary abstract figurative Classicism Pointillism Surrealism Cubism realism

forms of art: 2-dimensions

photograph silhouette cartoon picture illustration stencil portrait batik tapestry embroidery fresco mural landscape mosaic collage caricature

forms of art: 3-dimensions

sculpture architecture ceramics artefact mask jewellery origami carving casting relief construction

talking about art

figure texture composition proportion tactile foreground background culture surface contrasting decorative abstract

tools and materials

canvas acrylic turpentine charcoal pastel bronze palette crayon tempera earthenware terracotta silk-screen

techniques

illuminate superimpose stipple redefine shading crosshatch highlight enlarge perspective

Music

performing

concert performance rehearsal acoustics amplifier recital microphone practice practise

composing

chord improvisation instrumental phrase rhythm accompaniment variation notation ostinato ostinato treble clef melody orchestration stave

listening

opera symphony Baroque Romantic concerto sonata oratorio reggae fugue Renaissance classical musical minimalist fusion

musicians

choir composer orchestra conductor duet quartet soloist busker minstrel ensemble vocalist gamelan trio instrumentalist

talking about music

modulation syncopation instrumentation harmony discord lyrics theme tonality homophonic polyphonic dissonance pentatonic chromatic descant

instruments

percussion piano strings brass woodwind guitar xylophone bassoon oboe cello saxophone sitar glockenspiel timpani clarinet

voices

soprano alto tenor bass contralto

elements of music

tempo timbre texture pitch duration dynamics silence

Physical Education

games

cricket badminton volleyball hockey rounders netball referee coach fielding offside attacker defender court tennis umpire

gymnastic activities

gymnastics rolling balancing somersault trampoline vault approach apparatus

athletic activities

relay athletics hurdles discus baton competition javelin jogging decathlon pentathlon marathon attempt disqualification sprint

outdoor activities

orienteering adventurous canoeing climbing abseiling obstacle navigation survival kayak

swimming

breaststroke synchronised resuscitation medley propulsion gala backstroke butterfly competitor diving

fitness/training

aerobic rotation abduction adduction extension isotonic isometric flexibility endurance technique stretching repetitions circuit

the body

muscle adrenaline dislocate concussion respiration nutrition dehydration deficiency circulatory vertebral hygiene injury

dance

ballet choreography rhythm ballroom co-ordination interpretation performance expression

Religious Education

religions

Christianity Islam Hinduism Buddhism Judaism Jainism Baha'i Rastafarianism Sikhism Shintoism Confucianism Taoism

religious practice

prayer meditation worship chanting ceremony kneeling prostration baptism wedding funeral yoga rite miracle service

places of worship

monastery abbey temple mosque gurdwara church cathedral chapel synagogue mandir

people and religion

priest vicar monk bishop archbishop mullah rabbi ascetic worshipper congregation clergyman saint guru disciple yogi

religious groups

Catholic Protestant Evangelical Shia Sunni Mahayana Theravada Orthodox liberal Reform

Drama

creating 1

audience stimulus brainstorm target improvisation issue theme topic confrontation conflict rehearse message

creating 2

scene action tension suspense scenario storyboard dialogue monologue speech context direction

presenting

costume make-up management design theatre lighting effect sound

form

dance drama movement mime improvisation

style

review documentary farce surreal comedy tragedy musical fantasy drama

media

television radio theatre video cinema

PSHE

personal

approve approval control discipline discussion encourage encouragement gender involve involvement prefer preference pressure reality reward

relationship

communication dependent relationship represent representative

problem areas

addict addiction racism racist sanction sexism sexist stereotype dependency

qualities

able ability achieve achievement effort emotion emotional generous generosity

DfE National Curriculum 2014 Lists
Phonics - Letters & Sounds Word Lists
Yr2 to KS3 Lists (Not 3.1)